Questions and test for the patent exam

Listening

1. Прослушайте объявление.

   The text and the recording are ours, read by a speech synthesiser. At the exam the recording is read by announcers.

   Следующая остановка —

   Listen
   • «Спортивная»your answer“Sportivnaya” is the metro station the bus runs to, not the next stop. Both places are named, and the word “next” tells them apart.
   • «Рынок»correct
   • метроyour answer“Metro” is part of the terminus name, not a stop. A classic substitution: people remember the familiar word from a long name and pick it.

   The announcement: “Bus forty-five runs to Sportivnaya metro station. The next stop is Rynok.” The technique: transport announcements almost always give two names — where the route ends and what comes now. “Next” means the second one.

2. Прослушайте то же объявление.

   The text and the recording are ours, read by a speech synthesiser. At the exam the recording is read by announcers.

   Это объявление можно услышать

   Listen
   • в поездеyour answerOn a train they announce stations and carriages, not stops and fares. The word “passengers” appears in both, so it does not fix the place.
   • в самолётеyour answerPlanes have no stops and no fares paid in flight. This tests the meaning as a whole, not a single word.
   • в автобусеcorrect

   It opens with “Dear passengers”, gives a bus number, the next stop and a reminder to pay the fare — that combination only happens on a city bus. The technique: the place is fixed by the combination, not by any single word: route number plus stop plus fare equals bus.

3. Прослушайте диалог.

   Они говорят

   Listen
   • в банкеcorrect
   • на почтеyour answerYou do not open an account at a post office. The key word in the dialogue is “account”, and accounts are opened at a bank.
   • в гостиницеyour answerA hotel asks for your passport but does not open accounts. The word to listen for is “account”, not “passport”.

   The dialogue runs: “Can I open an account today?” — “Your passport and migration card, please.” Accounts are opened at a bank. The technique: in a short dialogue listen for the one key word naming the action (“account”, “prescription”, “ticket”) — it pins down the place even if you miss the rest.

4. Прослушайте тот же диалог.

   С собой надо иметь

   Listen
   • банковскую картуyour answerThe words “bank card” are never said. You supply them yourself because the conversation is at a bank — the commonest trap in listening tasks.
   • медицинскую справкуyour answerA medical certificate is never mentioned. In listening you answer from what was said, not from what is usually required.
   • миграционную картуcorrect

   The answer is said word for word: “Your passport and migration card, please.” This tests hearing, not logic: two of the three options are plausible in a bank, and only hearing the word settles it. If you missed it, do not fill the gap by guessing — that is the trap.

Рособрнадзор, демонстрационный вариант уровня 1 (2026). The question wording, answer options and audio come from there; the error analysis and explanations are ours.

Read by a speech synthesiser

Reading, writing, vocabulary and grammar

1. Прочитайте объявление на двери: «Обед с 13:00 до 14:00». Вы пришли в 13:30. Что это значит?

   Listen
   • Сейчас открыто, можно войтиyour answer13:30 falls inside the 13:00–14:00 window, which is precisely the lunch break.
   • Учреждение закрыто на весь деньyour answerThe notice names a two-hour window, not the whole day. Service resumes after 14:00.
   • Сейчас закрыто, нужно подождать до 14:00correct

   The prepositions «с» and «до» mark a span: с 13:00 до 14:00 covers everything in between, so 13:30 is inside the break. Notices like this hang on the doors of clinics, banks and migration offices — read them before you travel, not at a closed door.

2. Прочитайте вывеску: «Вход только для сотрудников». Кто может войти в эту дверь?

   Listen
   • Те, кто здесь работаетcorrect
   • Любой посетительyour answerThe word «только» (only) shuts the door to everyone else. A visitor is not a member of staff.
   • Только руководительyour answer«Сотрудники» means all the people who work there, not just the manager.

   «Сотрудник» means an employee of the organisation, and «только» restricts entry to them alone. Signs like this appear in clinics, banks and government offices; there is normally a separate entrance for visitors nearby.

3. Вы заполняете бланк. В строке «Фамилия» нужно написать:

   Listen
   • имя, которое вам дали при рожденииyour answerThat is the «Имя» (first name) line. «Фамилия» is the family name and has its own line.
   • фамилию отца полностьюyour answerYou write your own surname exactly as it appears in your passport. The father’s name goes in the «Отчество» line, where one exists.
   • фамилию так, как она написана в паспортеcorrect

   In any form, your surname, first name and patronymic must match your passport and its notarised translation letter for letter. If the translation and the form differ, the documents come back: to the authorities those are two different people.

4. Выберите правильный вариант: «Он работает ___ заводе».

   Listen
   • вyour answerЗавод, вокзал, почта and работа take «на»: на заводе, на почте. There is no rule here — it has to be learned as a list.
   • наcorrect
   • кyour answer«К» marks direction of movement (иду к врачу). A place of work needs a preposition of location, not direction.

   Russian prepositions of place are not logical: «в больнице» but «на заводе», «в магазине» but «на почте». A short list for «на»: заводе, фабрике, почте, вокзале, рынке, работе, улице. Most other places take «в».

5. Выберите правильный вариант: «Мне ___ помощь».

   Listen
   • нуженyour answer«Нужен» is masculine (нужен паспорт). «Помощь» is feminine, so it takes «нужна».
   • нужноyour answer«Нужно» is neuter or impersonal (нужно идти). A feminine noun requires «нужна».
   • нужнаcorrect

   «Нужен» agrees with the thing that is needed: нужен паспорт, нужна помощь, нужно время, нужны документы. The person who needs it goes in the dative (мне, ему). Check the noun, not the pronoun.

6. Выберите верную форму: «Сколько стоит … билет?»

   Listen
   • этотcorrect
   • этоyour answer“Это” is neuter, but “билет” is masculine: этот билет, эта карта, это место.
   • этиyour answer“Эти” is plural: эти билеты. The question has one ticket.

   The demonstrative agrees with the noun: этот билет (masc.), эта справка (fem.), это место (neut.), эти документы (plural).

7. Выберите верную форму: «Я работаю здесь … года».

   Listen
   • дваcorrect
   • двеyour answer“Две” is feminine: две недели, две справки. “Год” is masculine, so “два года”.
   • двухyour answer“Двух” is genitive and needs a preposition: “в течение двух лет”. Without one you use “два”.

   After два, три, четыре the noun takes the genitive singular: два года, три месяца, четыре дня. With five and more it is the genitive plural: пять лет.

Read by a speech synthesiser

Russian history

1. Как называется государственный праздник, который отмечают 1 мая?

   Listen
   • Праздник Весны и Трудаcorrect
   • День солидарности трудящихсяyour answerThat was its Soviet-era name. It was changed in 1992, and the exam asks for the current one.
   • День труда и обороныyour answerNo such holiday exists. The name contains spring and labour; defence belongs to the February holiday.

   1 May is the Spring and Labour Holiday, a day off. Before 1992 it had a different name; the law now uses the current one.

2. Что отмечают в России 22 июня?

   Listen
   • День памяти и скорби — начало Великой Отечественной войныcorrect
   • День Россииyour answerRussia Day is 12 June. Both fall in June, but the 12th is a holiday and a day off, while the 22nd is a day of mourning and not a day off.
   • День Победыyour answerVictory Day is 9 May, the end of the war. 22 June is its beginning — the two ends of the same war.

   The Great Patriotic War began on 22 June 1941. Today this is the Day of Remembrance and Sorrow — a commemorative date, not a holiday: flags are lowered and silence is observed, but it is not a day off.

3. Какому событию посвящён День России 12 июня?

   Listen
   • Принятию Декларации о государственном суверенитете Россииcorrect
   • Принятию Конституции Российской Федерацииyour answerThe Constitution was adopted on 12 December 1993. The day of the month matches, but the month and the event do not.
   • Распаду Советского Союзаyour answerThe USSR ceased to exist in December 1991. The Declaration of Sovereignty came earlier, in June 1990, while Russia was still part of the Union.

   On 12 June 1990 the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the RSFSR was adopted. Since 1992 the day has been a state holiday, and since 2002 it has been called Russia Day.

4. Какой город является столицей Российской Федерации?

   Listen
   • Москваcorrect
   • Санкт-Петербургyour answerSaint Petersburg was the capital for over two hundred years, until 1918 — hence its nickname "second capital". But today there is one capital, Moscow.
   • Новосибирскyour answerNovosibirsk is the largest city in Siberia and third by population in the country, but it has never been the capital.

   The capital of Russia is Moscow, as stated in Article 70 of the Constitution. The President, the Government and the parliament are based there.

5. Какой город России основал Пётр I и называют «второй столицей»?

   Listen
   • Санкт-Петербургcorrect
   • Екатеринбургyour answerYekaterinburg was founded in Peter I's reign, but not by him and not as a capital: it was a Ural factory-fortress named after his wife Catherine.
   • Нижний Новгородyour answerNizhny Novgorod is four hundred years older than Peter I: it was founded in 1221, and it is not called the "second capital".

   Saint Petersburg was founded by Peter I in 1703 on the river Neva and was Russia's capital from 1712 to 1918. Today it is the country's second-largest city.

Read by a speech synthesiser

Fundamentals of law

1. Работодатель забрал ваш паспорт и не отдаёт. Что это?

   Listen
   • Нарушение: паспорт — ваш документ, его никто не вправе удерживатьcorrect
   • Обычная практика при оформлении на работуyour answerFor paperwork a passport is needed briefly and returned at once. Holding on to it is a means of pressure, not a procedure.
   • Законно, если это записано в договореyour answerA contract term contrary to law has no force. Taking your document does not become lawful because someone wrote it down.

   A passport is its holder’s personal document, and neither an employer nor an agent may keep it. If it is not returned, go to the police: this is not a labour dispute but the withholding of someone’s document.

2. Обязан ли иностранный гражданин иметь при себе документы, удостоверяющие личность?

   Listen
   • Да, и предъявлять их по требованию должностного лицаcorrect
   • Нет, достаточно назвать свои данныеyour answerWords do not replace a document: identity is checked against a document, not against what you say.
   • Только при поездках между городамиyour answerThe duty does not depend on travel: you need the document at all times, not only on a journey.

   A foreign national must carry an identity document and documents confirming the right to be in Russia, and present them on an official’s demand.

3. Работа без патента там, где он обязателен, — это

   Listen
   • нарушение, за которое предусмотрены штраф и выдворениеcorrect
   • нарушение только работодателяyour answerBoth are liable: the employer for hiring without authorisation, the worker for working without a permit.
   • допустимо, если работа временнаяyour answerThe length of the job is irrelevant: authorisation is needed even for a single day.

   Working without authorisation is one of the commonest violations: it carries a fine and administrative removal, and after removal a ban on entry.

4. Что означает «запрет на въезд»?

   Listen
   • Человеку на определённый срок закрыт въезд в Россиюcorrect
   • Человека не выпускают из Россииyour answerThe opposite: an entry ban closes the way back, not the way out. It does not stop you leaving.
   • Человека лишают права работатьyour answerThe right to work is removed by a different decision. An entry ban concerns crossing the border.

   An entry ban closes the way to Russia for three years or more, depending on the violation. It is among the harshest consequences: the person loses their job, their home and contact with family left behind.

5. Кто подаёт уведомление о прибытии иностранного гражданина?

   Listen
   • Принимающая сторонаcorrect
   • Сам иностранный гражданин всегдаyour answerThe person files it only in cases the law names separately: for instance, if they own the home where they are being registered.
   • Работодатель в любом случаеyour answerThe employer files only if they are themselves the host party — for example, when they provide accommodation.

   As a rule the notification is filed by the host party — whoever the person actually lives with. The deadline is seven working days, or one working day in a hotel.

6. Имеет ли иностранный гражданин право на медицинскую помощь в экстренной форме?

   Listen
   • Да, и она оказывается бесплатноcorrect
   • Нет, без полиса помощь не оказываютyour answerEmergency care where life is at risk is given regardless of insurance: they save you first and sort out documents afterwards.
   • Да, но только платноyour answerEmergency care is the one form provided free to everyone. Scheduled appointments may be paid.

   Emergency medical care for sudden life-threatening conditions is provided free and without delay — to foreign nationals too. Planned care goes through insurance or is paid for.

Read by a speech synthesiser