Что означает равноправие субъектов?
Все субъекты называются одинаково your answer The names are precisely different: republic, krai, oblast, autonomous okrug. The text lists them. Все субъекты имеют равные права в отношениях с федерацией correct Все субъекты имеют одинаковое население your answer This is about rights, not population. The subjects differ tenfold in population, and that does not affect their equality. Equality of the subjects means equal rights in relations with federal authorities, not equal size, population or name. There are six kinds: republics, krais, oblasts, cities of federal significance (Moscow, St Petersburg, Sevastopol), an autonomous oblast and autonomous okrugs. The structure of the state is a standing topic in the citizenship exam.
Через какое время можно подать заявление повторно после отказа?
Через три месяца your answer Three months is the time for considering the application, not the wait after a refusal. The text has two different periods, easily confused. Не ранее чем через год correct Сразу же your answer “No earlier than a year” is an explicit restriction. You cannot reapply at once. The text has two periods and confusing them is costly: three months is how long the application is considered, a year is how long you wait after a refusal before reapplying. The task tests matching a figure to an action, not remembering both figures. A technique for official texts: mentally attach “a period of what” to every period — of consideration, of waiting, of validity.
Может ли в республике быть свой государственный язык?
Нет, только русский на всей территории your answer The second sentence expressly allows republics their own languages. The first concerns Russian but does not cancel the second. Да, вместо русского your answer The word “наряду” means “alongside”, not “instead of”. One word turns the meaning around. Да, наряду с русским correct Russian is the state language throughout Russia; republics may establish their own state languages, used ALONGSIDE Russian — together with it, not instead. “Наряду” is one of those words where a single mistake inverts the whole sentence. There are not many such words in official texts, and they are worth learning: наряду с, в отличие от, за исключением, при условии.
своей correct свою your answer “Свою” is accusative. “Гордиться” requires the instrumental: горжусь кем, чем. своя your answer “Своя” is nominative, the subject form. It is impossible after the verb “гордиться”. The verb “гордиться” governs the instrumental: горжусь страной, семьёй, работой. The instrumental answers “by whom? by what?”. The same case is required by “заниматься”, “интересоваться”, “работать” (работать врачом), and past-tense “быть” (был студентом). The list is short and worth learning: government in Russian does not follow from meaning.
на your answer “На” is not used with cities. The rule has no exceptions: в Москву, в Казань. до your answer “До Москвы” means “as far as”, stopping short. Here the person arrived IN the city. в correct Direction to a city takes “в” with the accusative: приехал в Москву. Location takes “в” with the prepositional: живу в Москве. Distinguish the questions: “куда?” accusative, “где?” prepositional. This pair underpins the whole Russian system of place and is tested constantly.
ученик your answer “Ученик” is nominative singular and follows only “один”: один ученик, двадцать один ученик. ученика correct учеников your answer “Учеников” follows numerals from five up. After “двадцать три” the rule of the final digit applies. In Russian the noun form depends on the LAST digit of the numeral. One — ученик (nominative singular). Two, three, four — ученика (genitive singular). Five and above — учеников (genitive plural). Twenty-three ends in three, hence “ученика”. Exception: eleven to fourteen always take the genitive plural.
с correct от your answer “От” marks a starting point in space or a source. For the start of a period, “с” is used. в your answer “В 2015 году” means “during that year”, not “starting from it”. Here we speak of something continuing to this day. The start of a period takes “с” with the genitive: с 2015 года, с понедельника. The end takes “до”: до пятницы. The pair “с… до…” describes an interval: с девяти до шести. These prepositions appear in every opening-hours notice.
хорошо your answer “Хорошо” is an adverb without comparison. The word “чем” requires a comparative. самый хороший your answer “Самый хороший” is superlative: it compares with everything at once and does not go with “чем”. лучше correct The comparative in Russian is formed in two ways: by a suffix (лучше, быстрее, дороже) or with “более/менее”. Mixing them — “более лучше” — is a glaring mistake. A few forms are irregular and must be learnt: хороший — лучше, плохой — хуже, маленький — меньше, большой — больше.
вами your answer “Вами” is instrumental. It is impossible after “поздравлять”. вас correct вам your answer “Вам” is dative, needed by “говорить”, “помогать”, “звонить”. “Поздравлять” requires the accusative. “Поздравлять кого? с чем?” — accusative plus instrumental with “с”: поздравляю вас с праздником. Verbs close in meaning govern differently and this must be remembered: поздравлять КОГО but желать КОМУ (желаю вам счастья), благодарить КОГО but говорить спасибо КОМУ.
Эй, послушайте! your answer “Эй” is a rude way to get attention, at best acceptable among close friends. In an office it sounds like a challenge. Извините, можно задать вопрос? correct Слушай, скажи мне... your answer Addressing a stranger with “ты” is impolite, and “слушай” sounds like an order. In an office you use “вы”. A polite approach to a stranger begins with an apology: “Извините”, “Простите”, “Будьте добры”, followed by the question, always with “вы”. This is not mere formality: the ты/вы distinction in Russian is sharp and noticed at once. For speakers whose own language marks it (siz/sen, шумо/ту, сиз/сен) only the Russian forms need learning; the idea is familiar.
Повторить your answer The infinitive cannot itself be a request. An imperative form is needed. Повторяю your answer “Повторяю” means you are repeating. But you are asking your interlocutor, so the form must address them. Повторите correct Asking someone to repeat is an obligatory part of speech etiquette and nothing to be shy about: “Повторите, пожалуйста”, “Простите, я не расслышал”, “Можно помедленнее?”. In the exam these formulas are a separate codifier entry. In life they matter more than many rules: the person who asks again understands more than the one who nods in silence.
от your answer “От” goes with people: вернулся от врача, от друга. It does not combine with a workplace. с correct из your answer “Из” pairs with “в”: пошёл в магазин, вернулся из магазина. But you go to work with “на”, so you return with “с”. Prepositions of place travel in pairs, and the second is set by the first. Пошёл В магазин — вернулся ИЗ магазина. Пошёл НА работу — вернулся С работы. Пошёл К врачу — вернулся ОТ врача. Learn them in pairs, not singly: в/из, на/с, к/от. Then a mistake is impossible even with an unfamiliar noun.
буханку correct буханка your answer “Буханка” is nominative. After “дайте” the accusative is needed: дайте что? — буханку. буханки your answer “Буханки” is genitive or plural. For a single item in a request the accusative singular is needed. “Дать” requires the accusative: дайте хлеб, дайте буханку, дайте два билета. Feminine nouns in -а take -у in the accusative: буханка → буханку, справка → справку. You need this form in a shop every day, and a mistake in it is audible at once — though you will still be understood.
воспитатель your answer After “работать” a profession takes the instrumental: работать кем? — воспитателем, врачом, поваром. воспитателя your answer “Воспитателя” is genitive or accusative. Neither is used after “работать”. воспитателем correct A profession after “работать” goes into the instrumental: работаю поваром, врачом, водителем. The same case follows “стать”, past-tense “быть” and “называться”: стал инженером, был студентом. The instrumental answers “кем?” — hence the Russian question is “кем вы работаете?”, not “что вы работаете?”.
Слышь your answer “Слышь” is colloquial, fine only between close acquaintances. To a stranger it sounds aggressive. Извините correct Эй your answer “Эй” is a rude way to get attention. A passer-by has every right not to answer. Addressing a stranger in the street begins with “Извините” or “Простите”, then the question. The form “не подскажете ли” sounds softer than a direct question and counts as especially polite in Russian: negation in a question softens the request. Compare “Где аптека?” — blunt, with “Не подскажете, где аптека?” — polite. Worth remembering: it works in every request.
на correct в your answer “В поезд” means “into the carriage”: сел в поезд. A ticket, however, is bought FOR the transport. для your answer “Для” marks purpose or recipient: билет для сына. Here we are talking about the mode of transport. You buy a ticket FOR transport: на поезд, на автобус, на самолёт. But you board INTO it: в поезд, в автобус. Two prepositions with one noun, the choice set by the verb. A useful pair: купить билет НА поезд but сесть В поезд; опоздать НА поезд but забыть сумку В поезде.
понравил your answer No such word exists in Russian: the verb “нравиться” is used only with the particle -ся. понравилась your answer “Понравилась” is feminine while “фильм” is masculine. The verb agrees with WHAT was liked, not with WHO liked it. понравился correct The construction “мне нравится” is inverted compared with many languages: the person who likes stands in the dative (мне, тебе, ему), while the thing liked is the subject and the verb agrees with it. Мне понравился фильм, мне понравилась книга, мне понравилось кино. The rule: look not at “мне” but at what follows the verb.
за your answer “За два года” refers to a span of time in which something happened. Age difference is not expressed that way. на correct в your answer “В два раза” expresses a multiple: twice as old. Here we mean a difference in years, so “на”. A difference takes “на”: старше на два года, дороже на сто рублей. A multiple takes “в”: в два раза больше, втрое дороже. They must not be mixed, and the difference is real: “дороже на сто рублей” and “дороже в сто раз” are utterly different sums. Both appear constantly in adverts about discounts.
Ничего страшного, продолжайте. correct Да, вы мне помешали. your answer Formally true but impolite: an apology is accepted, not confirmed. Such a reply ends the conversation. Молчите, я говорю. your answer That is rudeness in reply to courtesy. Your interlocutor apologised; answering so starts a quarrel out of nothing. An apology in Russian is met with a formula of acceptance: “Ничего страшного”, “Ничего, всё в порядке”, “Не волнуйтесь”. The point is to remove the awkwardness, not to judge the act. This is part of speech etiquette and is tested separately: the codifier requires the ability to respond to your interlocutor with words that fit. In life such formulas decide more than vocabulary does.
Что там уместно написать?
Проживаю в России девять лет, здесь живёт моя семья, работаю и намерен связать свою дальнейшую жизнь с Россией. correct Хочу получить паспорт. your answer That is not a motive but the action you are applying for. The line asks WHY, not WHAT. Так надо для работы. your answer Too short and beside the point: the line asks about your ties to the country, not about benefit. And you can work on a residence permit. “Motives for applying” means the reasons you are tying your life to Russia: length of residence, family, work, education, intentions. Write in your own words but specifically: not “I want a passport” but “I have lived here nine years, my family is here, I work at such a place”. This line is not in every application, yet it is the one filled in worst — briefly and beside the point.
Какое начало подходит?
Уведомление не было подано в срок в связи с моей госпитализацией с 5 по 20 числа, что подтверждается выпиской из больницы. correct Я не виноват, меня никто не предупредил. your answer An explanatory note explains a reason, it does not look for someone to blame. Such an opening turns the reader against you from the first line. Не смог прийти, был занят. your answer “I was busy” is not a reason but the absence of one. Such wording will not be accepted as valid. An explanatory note is built like this: what happened, for what reason, and what proves it. Three parts, the third mattering most: a reason without proof is just words. Note the form “не было подано” — a short participle, the language of official paperwork: it names the fact without pointing at a culprit, and so sounds more fitting than “I did not submit”.
«Эй, слушай!» your answer That is how you address close acquaintances, and not always. To a stranger it sounds rude and usually gets you refused. «Уважаемый гражданин, позвольте обратиться» your answer That is the language of a formal approach to an official. In the street it sounds unnatural and puts people on guard. «Извините, вы не подскажете…» correct You approach a stranger with an apology: «Извините», «Простите, пожалуйста», then the request itself, usually softened. At this level the exam tests not grammar but your ability to choose the right register — street, business or friendly.
«Извините, я не расслышал. Повторите, пожалуйста» correct «Что?» your answer A bare “what?” sounds sharp: the other person may take it for irritation. A polite request to repeat needs at least “sorry”. «Говорите громче» your answer That is an instruction rather than a request, and it puts the fault on the other person. It is politer to say that you did not catch it. A polite request to repeat has two parts: an apology and the request itself. The same formula works when you did not follow the meaning. Knowing how to ask again matters more than a rich vocabulary: it rescues any conversation.
«Вы всё сделали неправильно» your answer A flat accusation triggers defence rather than a check. The other person starts justifying instead of looking into it. «Мне кажется, здесь ошибка. Можно проверить ещё раз?» correct Промолчать и уйти your answer Silence solves nothing: the mistake stays and returning gets harder. Every consumer has the right to point out a defect. In polite Russian conversation an assessment is softened: “it seems to me”, “possibly there is a mistake here”. This is not weakness but a way to let the other person put things right without losing face — and they do it more readily. If softening does not work, the next step is a written complaint, not a raised voice.
В администрацию города в любой день your answer The notice names the recipient plainly: the management company. The city administration deals with other matters and is not mentioned here. В управляющую компанию в любой рабочий день your answer Reception is stated for Wednesdays only, and only from 15:00. В управляющую компанию, в среду после 15:00 correct The management company is responsible for the building and its grounds: the stairwell, the lift, the yard, the playground. The city administration handles what lies beyond: roads, parks, street lighting. Start with a written application in two copies — yours gets a receipt stamp, and the reply deadline runs from that date.
Две correct Одну your answer One tablet is a single dose. “Twice a day” means two such doses, so two tablets per day. Четыре your answer Four comes from multiplying wrongly: one tablet twice is two, not four. A medicine leaflet is read by three numbers: how much per dose, how many times a day, how many days. Words like “after food” refer to timing, not quantity, and must also be observed. If anything is unclear, ask the doctor or the pharmacy — it costs nothing.
Только подпись your answer Without a date the application cannot be fixed in time, and the review period runs from it. Date and signature always go together. Дата и подпись с расшифровкой correct Только дата your answer Without a signature the document has no force: the signature confirms that you were the one who filed it. Any application ends with a date and a signature with the name printed legibly. At the top, to whom and from whom; in the middle, the substance of the request; at the bottom, date and signature. File two copies: yours gets a receipt stamp with the date, and that proves you applied on time.
«Ну наконец-то» your answer That is a reproach, not thanks: it devalues what was done and leaves a bad impression. Ничего не сказать your answer Silence here reads as impoliteness. A brief “thank you” costs nothing and changes the tone. «Спасибо большое, вы мне очень помогли» correct Etiquette formulas are a subject of the fourth-level exam in their own right. Thanks has two parts: the “thank you” and what for. Learn the neighbouring formulas in pairs: apology, request, refusal.
«К сожалению, завтра не смогу. Можно в четверг?» correct «Нет» your answer A one-word refusal sounds abrupt and cuts the conversation short. A polite refusal carries regret and, where possible, a counter-offer. «Посмотрим» your answer A vague answer creates false expectation: the other person will wait for you. It is more honest to say so and offer another time. A polite Russian refusal has three parts: regret, the refusal itself, and where possible an alternative. The third turns a refusal into a continuation of the conversation rather than its end. Vague answers only postpone the awkwardness.
«Суббота рабочая?» your answer A question with no greeting sounds abrupt. On the phone the other person cannot see you, and a polite opening helps them engage. «Здравствуйте! Подскажите, пожалуйста, вы работаете в субботу?» correct «Мне нужно прийти в субботу» your answer That states your intention rather than asking. The other person will not realise a reply is wanted. A phone question to an institution is built like this: greeting, a softening “could you tell me please”, then the question. Ask one thing at a time. If the answer matters, repeat it back aloud — that checks your understanding and is polite too.
Ждать окончания ремонта здесь your answer The notice gives no timeframe and states plainly where to go. Waiting indefinitely at a closed door is not what the text suggests. Идти в отделение на улице Мира, 12 correct Обратиться в это отделение по телефону your answer The branch is not operating at all. The notice offers another branch, not another channel. Notices about temporary closure almost always have two parts: the reason and where to go instead. Look for the second — usually in smaller print, but it is the useful one. The phrase “в связи с” introduces the reason. This is the language of notices and worth recognising at a glance.
3 марта же your answer The period starts on the day of filing rather than ending on it. Thirty days is the time allowed for review. Через тридцать рабочих дней, то есть в мае your answer The text says “30 days” without the word “working”, so calendar days are counted. Working days would have been stated. Примерно в начале апреля correct The review period runs from the day the application is filed. Plain “30 days” means calendar days including weekends; “30 working days” is nearly six weeks. The difference matters, so check the wording every time. If the deadline passes with no reply, that is grounds for a complaint — the date on your copy is the proof.
Разговорный, как в переписке с друзьями your answer An explanatory note is a document filed with the record. A conversational style looks unserious and can work against its author. Эмоциональный, чтобы показать своё отношение your answer Emotion works against the author: it distracts from the facts, and the decision is made on the facts. Деловой: факты, даты, без оценок и эмоций correct An explanatory note is written in a business style: what happened, when and why — briefly and factually. Judgements, excuses and emotion have no place in it; they hinder rather than help. The structure matches an application: to whom, from whom, the substance, date, signature.
рассмотреть your answer After «чтобы» with a different subject Russian uses the past form, not the infinitive. рассматриваете your answer «Рассматриваете» is present tense and is not used after «чтобы». The -ли form is needed. рассмотрели correct The conjunction «чтобы» behaves differently depending on who acts. Same subject — infinitive; different subjects — the -л form. This fourth-level rule is needed in any approach to an institution.
необходим correct необходимый your answer «Необходимый» is the long form, used before a noun as a modifier. As a predicate the short form is required. необходима your answer «Необходима» is feminine. «Документ» is masculine, so it takes «необходим». Short adjectives — необходим, нужен, обязателен, готов — serve as predicates and agree with the subject in gender and number. The long form goes before a noun. This is the language of official requirements and is tested regularly at this level.
который your answer «Который» introduces a modifier of a noun. A question about time needs «когда». когда correct что your answer «Что» introduces a statement of fact. Here it is the time that is being asked about. An indirect question is introduced by the same word as a direct one: when? — tell me when; where? — find out where. The conjunction «что» introduces a statement, not a question. The distinction matters when dealing with institutions.
от your answer «От» marks a source. The start of a period takes «с». в your answer «В 2019 году» names a whole point in time, not the start of a span continuing to the present. с correct The start of a period continuing to the present takes «с» with the genitive: с 2019 года. The end takes «до». For an action confined to one past moment, «в» is used. The difference between «с 2019 года» and «в 2019 году» is “ever since” versus “back then”.
с correct от your answer Paired with «по» it is always «с». The combination «от … по» does not exist in Russian. из your answer «Из» marks movement out of somewhere and does not apply to time. A span of time is set by two pairs of prepositions: «с … до …» and «с … по …». An important nuance: «по пятницу» includes Friday itself, whereas «до пятницы» does not. This appears constantly in institutional notices.
не соглашаюсь your answer «Не соглашаюсь» describes a repeated action. Here the point is your position on one specific decision, so the short form is needed. не согласен correct не согласный your answer «Согласный» is the long form used as a modifier. As a predicate the short form is required. «Согласен» and «не согласен» are short forms agreeing in gender and number. They govern the instrumental with «с»: согласен с решением. This construction is needed in any appeal.
выдали your answer «Выдали» is past tense. After «прошу» the infinitive is used. выдача your answer «Выдача» is a noun where a verb is needed. «Прошу выдачу» sounds like an unfinished phrase. выдать correct «Прошу» is the key word of any application, followed by the infinitive: прошу выдать, прошу рассмотреть. If someone else must act and this needs emphasis, «прошу, чтобы» is used. An application usually begins with this word — it is its semantic centre.
До correct После your answer The duty is paid in advance: the receipt is attached to the application when filing. Paying afterwards means a second trip. Во время your answer Paying at the moment of filing is usually impossible: migration offices have no cash desk, payment goes through a bank. The state duty is paid before filing, and the receipt is attached to the documents. Take the payment details from the institution itself or its official site: each department has its own, and payment to the wrong ones does not count. Check that your name is spelled correctly on the receipt.
Документы не примут, придётся прийти ещё раз correct Примут, а справку можно донести позже your answer The text says the opposite: an incomplete set is not accepted. An option to add papers later would be stated separately. Примут, но рассмотрят позже your answer This is not about the review period but about acceptance itself: an incomplete set is not taken at all. A “complete set” means every document on the list at once. If one is missing the application will not be accepted and the trip is wasted. Get the list in advance — from the official website or the notice board — and check it item by item before leaving home.
Со дня принятия решения your answer The text says “from the day of receipt”. The decision may have been taken earlier; what counts is when you received it. Со дня получения решения correct Со дня подачи заявления your answer Filing and receiving the decision are different moments, separated by the review period. The appeal clock runs from the second. The appeal period runs from the day you receive the decision — which is why the date you write when signing for it matters. There are two routes: a higher authority (faster and free) or a court. A missed deadline is restored only for a valid reason, which must be proved.
кому your answer «Кому» is the bare dative answering “to whom to give”. Turning to someone requires the preposition «к». к кому correct у кого your answer «У кого» means “in whose possession”. You turn «к кому», not «у кого». The verb “to turn to” requires a preposition: «к» plus dative for a person, «в» plus accusative for an organisation. An indirect question keeps the same preposition as the direct one. This is among the most useful phrases in any institution.
подходящий your answer «Подходящий» is an adjective modifying a noun. As a predicate a verb is needed. подхожу your answer «Подхожу» is first person: I suit someone. Here it is the reverse: the option suits me. подходит correct The verb “to suit” is built as: what suits whom. The person suited goes in the dative: мне подходит. The same pattern governs «нравится», «удобно», «интересно» — the person in the dative, the thing as subject.
До 24-го числа your answer “Inclusive” adds the named day itself: the 25th is still within the deadline. До 25-го числа включительно correct До 26-го числа your answer The 26th is outside: “inclusive” extends the deadline to the named day only, not the next one. “Inclusive” means the named day counts. A short word, a whole day of difference — and in rent or permit payments that is the difference between on time and late.
И оригиналы, и копии correct Только оригиналы your answer “And” joins two requirements rather than offering a choice: you need both. Только копии your answer A copy cannot be checked without the original: the official must see the original to certify the copy. The phrase lists two things joined by “and”: originals AND copies. The mistake costs you another trip — an incomplete set will not be accepted.
Не раньше чем за 14 дней до приёма correct Ровно за 14 дней, в другие дни записаться нельзя your answer “Opens 14 days in advance” marks the start of the booking window, not the only possible day. Записываться не нужно, приём в порядке очереди your answer It says plainly: admission by prior appointment. There is no walk-in queue. “Booking opens 14 days ahead” means you can book on any day within that fortnight. Before that the system simply shows no free slots.
До 1 мая correct До 30 апреля your answer The thirty days run FROM the date of issue, 1 April: the thirtieth day falls on 1 May. До 1 июня your answer That is two months, not thirty days. A period in days is counted by the calendar, not by months. A period “from the date of issue” runs in consecutive calendar days. A certificate issued on 1 April is accepted until 1 May; on 2 May it is handed back and a new one requested.
Ничего: услуга бесплатная your answer The agency’s work is free, but the duty is a separate compulsory payment, stated plainly in the second sentence. Государственную пошлину correct И за услугу, и пошлину your answer You do not pay for the service itself: the first sentence says “free”. There is one payment — the state duty. “Free” refers to the agency’s work; the duty is a payment to the budget for a legally significant act. Two different things, often confused: the service is free, but the duty is paid.
Отказ окончательный, подать снова нельзя your answer The opposite is said: reapplying is expressly allowed. “Is entitled” means a right, not a ban. Подать заново можно, если исправить то, из-за чего отказали correct Можно подать снова в любой момент без изменений your answer The condition is stated: “after the grounds for refusal have been removed”. The same papers will get the same answer. A refusal is not a verdict, but nor is it a reason to resubmit the same thing: the law allows a new application once the grounds are removed. That is why you look for the reason in a refusal — it is the list of what to fix.
1 февраля 2000 года correct 2 января 2000 года your answer In Russian documents the order is day, month, year. The first number is the day, not the month. 2000-й день февраля your answer The third group of digits is the year. No such date exists. Russian forms use DD.MM.YYYY: day, month, year. Confusing this with the American order (month first) is a common source of errors, and such a form is sent back.
«Привет! Хочу попросить…» your answer A formal letter does not open with a colloquial greeting: an application is a document and its tone is official. С шапки: кому, от кого, затем слово «Заявление» correct Сразу с сути, без вступления your answer Without the heading it is unclear who it is addressed to and from whom: such an application will not be registered. An application begins with a heading in the top right: to whom (post, surname, initials) and from whom (your details). Below, centred, the word “Application”, then the text, and at the end the date and signature.
в your answer With “завод” meaning a workplace Russian uses the preposition “на”: на заводе, на фабрике, на почте. на correct к your answer The preposition “к” shows direction towards someone (“к врачу”), not a place of work. “На заводе, на фабрике, на почте, на вокзале” — but “в офисе, в магазине, в банке”. There is no rule; these pairings are learned by heart, and a wrong preposition instantly marks a non-native speaker.
в течение your answer “В течение” answers “for how long did it last” — “в течение пяти лет” is grammatical but means the action is over. уже correct через your answer “Через пять лет” is future: the action has not started. The question is about something already going on. “Я живу здесь уже пять лет” — the action began in the past and continues. “Уже” stresses duration, and the period after it stays in the nominative: пять лет, not пяти.
«Вы совершенно правы» correct «Ну не знаю…» your answer This expresses doubt: the speaker does not agree but is not arguing outright either. «Это вряд ли» your answer “Вряд ли” is polite disagreement: the speaker finds the claim unlikely. “Вы совершенно правы” is full agreement, politely put. Telling agreement, doubt and polite refusal apart matters more than a big vocabulary: half of any dialogue rests on them.
«Что?» your answer A bare “что?” sounds rude: that is how you ask again at home, not in an office or with a stranger. «Извините, повторите, пожалуйста» correct «Говорите громче!» your answer That is a demand, not a request: an imperative without “please” sounds like an order. “Извините, повторите, пожалуйста” is a request with two polite words. Learn it whole: both at the exam and at an office window you will need to ask again, and the reply depends on how you ask.
«Мужчина!» your answer Addressing someone by their sex is considered impolite, though it is often heard. In exam tasks this option is always the wrong one. «Извините, можно вас спросить?» correct «Эй!» your answer A shout gets attention but is not a form of address: you do not speak to strangers this way. Russian has no neutral word for addressing a stranger, so people use descriptive openings: “Извините…”, “Простите, пожалуйста…”, “Будьте добры…”. That is the right answer both in the exam and in life.
«Поздравляю!» correct «А сколько вы заплатили?» your answer Asking about money in reply to happy news is impolite and out of place. «Да, я знаю» your answer That answers something already known, but the speaker is sharing news: the reply devalues what they said. Good news is met with congratulations or delight: “Поздравляю!”, “Как здорово!”, “Я очень рад за вас”. The exam tests the fitness of your reaction, not your vocabulary.
подам correct подал бы your answer “Подал бы” is the conditional mood about an unreal past condition, but the sentence is about the future. подаю your answer The present does not fit: an “if” clause about the future needs future forms in both parts. “If I submit the documents on time, everything will be fine”: a real future condition takes future forms in both halves. It is the commonest structure in dealings with any agency.
нравится correct нравлюсь your answer “Нравлюсь” is about me: I am liked by someone. Here the subject is the city, so it is the city that pleases. нравятся your answer The plural needs a plural subject: “мне нравятся эти города”. Here there is one city. In “мне нравится” the doer is the thing liked, while the person stands in the dative: мне, тебе, ему. Hence the agreement: нравится город, нравятся города.
в correct на your answer You do not say “на поликлинику”: enclosed buildings take “в” — в поликлинику, в больницу, в магазин. к your answer “К” goes before a person: иду к врачу, к другу. A building needs a different preposition. Movement into a building takes “в”: в поликлинику, в банк, в школу. “К” goes with people, “на” with open places and events: на почту, на вокзал, на работу.
есть correct имею your answer “Имею” is bookish and almost never used in speech. The ordinary way to express possession is “у меня есть”. является your answer “Является” means “constitutes” and has nothing to do with possession. Possession in Russian uses “у кого есть что”: у меня есть паспорт, у него есть патент. A literal translation with “иметь” sounds unnatural.
«Нет». your answer A one-word refusal sounds blunt. In Russian politeness lives not in the word “no” but in what surrounds it. «Спасибо, но, к сожалению, не смогу» correct «Мне это не надо» your answer That is clear but comes across as brusque: it contains neither thanks nor regret. A polite refusal has three parts: thanks, regret, and the refusal or its reason. “Спасибо, но, к сожалению, не смогу” covers almost any situation.
Он просит повторить correct Он не согласен с вами your answer Agreement is not at issue: the person says they did not catch what was said and expects it repeated. Он торопится и хочет закончить разговор your answer The phrase is about hearing, not time. Wanting to end the conversation is said differently: “Извините, мне пора”. “Я не расслышал” means the sound did not reach them or was unclear — they are asking you to repeat. The answer is simple: say it again, a little slower and louder.
жду correct жду за your answer “Ждать за” is not a Russian construction: no preposition is needed; the verb governs the genitive. жду на your answer “Ждать на” is not used either. In Russian you wait for someone or something: жду ответа, жду автобус. The verb “ждать” takes the genitive without a preposition: жду ответа, жду решения, жду письма. With a specific vehicle the accusative also occurs: жду автобус.
Специально затягивать, не решать вопрос correct Работать сверхурочно your answer Overtime is expressed differently: “работать сверхурочно”, “задерживаться на работе”. Опаздывать your answer Being late is about you and your arrival time; “тянуть время” is about deliberately dragging a matter out. “Тянуть время” means deliberately delaying a decision. You hear it often in dealings with officialdom, and it is worth knowing: it says the matter is being stalled on purpose.
«Пожалуйста» your answer “Пожалуйста” is itself the reply to thanks; answering it with the same word is odd. Ничего не отвечать или сказать «Всего доброго» correct «Извините» your answer An apology is out of place: nothing bad was done to you — quite the opposite. The politeness chain in Russian is short: “Спасибо” — “Пожалуйста”. Nothing more is required; if the conversation is ending, say “Всего доброго” or “До свидания”.
поданы correct подали your answer “Подали” is a past tense with an agent: someone submitted. There is no agent here, so a short participle is needed. подающие your answer “Подающие” are the people doing the submitting, but the sentence is about the documents. “Документы должны быть поданы” is a passive construction: what matters is what must be done, not who does it. Official texts are written this way, and you need to grasp them first time.
Какого цвета средняя полоса флага?
Красная your answer Red is the bottom stripe. Three colours, three positions: mixing up the order means a wrong answer even if you know the colours. Синяя correct Белая your answer White is the top stripe. The order from top to bottom is stated outright in the text. The Russian flag runs white, blue, red from top to bottom. State symbols are in the citizenship codifier, and are asked about beyond the flag: the coat of arms is a double-headed eagle; the anthem uses Alexandrov’s music with Mikhalkov’s words. All three are fixed by federal constitutional laws.
Кто приносит присягу?
Только те, кто уже родился гражданином your answer The oath is taken precisely ON ACQUIRING citizenship. Those born citizens have nothing to swear. Совершеннолетние при приобретении гражданства correct Все члены семьи, включая детей your answer The age condition is stated: eighteen. Children do not fall under it. The oath is taken by those aged eighteen and over on acquiring Russian citizenship. The text is spoken in Russian — one reason the language exam is compulsory at this level. The words “on acquiring” are the key: they separate new citizens from those born citizens.
Как попасть на приём после 1 марта?
Прийти пораньше и занять очередь your answer “The walk-in queue is abolished” bans that route outright. Coming early will not help: without an appointment you will not be seen. Позвонить и договориться your answer One booking route is named: the portal. The telephone is not mentioned at all. Записаться заранее через портал госуслуг correct The notice changes the procedure: you used to be able to turn up and queue, now you must book in advance through the state services portal. The word “only” excludes every other route, and “the walk-in queue is abolished” says the same again. When a notice carries both “only” and an explicit cancellation of the old order, looking for a way round is pointless.
